Running Title:
E-Waste Management and Sustainability in African Cities
Abstract
The rapid pace of urbanisation in Africa, coupled with increasing digitalisation and growing consumer demand for electronic devices, has created a mounting challenge of electronic waste (e-waste). African cities such as Lagos, Nairobi, Accra, and Johannesburg are facing unprecedented growth in discarded computers, mobile phones, household electronics, and appliances. E-waste, if poorly managed, releases hazardous substances such as lead, cadmium, and mercury, leading to severe environmental degradation and public health risks. Despite the urgent nature of the crisis, e-waste management systems in Africa remain fragmented, underfunded, and weakly regulated. This study investigates the role of e-waste management in promoting environmental sustainability in rapidly urbanising African economies. Using a multidisciplinary approach that combines literature review, policy analysis, and case study evaluations, the research examines current practices, challenges, and emerging opportunities in e-waste recycling, formalisation of informal waste sectors, and circular economy models. The study further explores the potential of innovative solutions such as extended producer responsibility (EPR), public-private partnerships, and digital tracking technologies in strengthening sustainable e-waste governance. Findings indicate that while informal recycling currently dominates e-waste management in Africa, it is characterised by unsafe handling practices that endanger human health and ecosystems. However, integrating informal recyclers into formal frameworks, scaling up green technologies, and enforcing regional policies such as the Bamako and Basel Conventions can significantly improve outcomes. The study contributes to policy debates by recommending actionable strategies for African governments, businesses, and civil society to transform e-waste management into a driver of green jobs, environmental protection, and sustainable urbanisation.
Keywords: E-Waste, Environmental Sustainability, Urbanisation, Circular Economy, Waste Management, Africa, Policy Reform
